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The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe "subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures".〔Appelle, Stuart. "The Abduction Experience: A Critical Evaluation of Theory and Evidence". ''Journal of UFO Studies'', n.s. 6, 1995/96, pp. 29–78〕 Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind. People claiming to have been abducted are usually called "abductees"〔http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alien+abduction〕 or "experiencers". Due to a lack of objective physical evidence, most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as "deception, suggestibility (fantasy-proneness, hypnotizability, false memory syndrome), personality, sleep paralysis, psychopathology, psychodynamics () environmental factors".〔Appelle, 1996〕 Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in early science fiction films, in particular, ''Invaders From Mars'', and some of those reported to have actually abducted people.〔 Typical claims involve being subjected to a forced medical examination that 〔Miller, John G. "Medical Procedural Differences: Alien Versus Human." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia. ''Alien Discussions: Proceedings of the Abduction Study Conference''. Cambridge: North Cambridge Press, 1994. pp. 59–64.〕 Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons.〔 While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying, some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative. The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961. Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world, but are most common in English speaking countries, especially the United States.〔 The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee.〔Sheaffer, Robert. "A Skeptical Perspective on UFO Abductions." In: Pritchard, Andrea & Pritchard, David E. & Mack, John E. & Kasey, Pam & Yapp, Claudia. ''Alien Discussions: Proceedings of the Abduction Study Conference''. Cambridge: North Cambridge Press, 1994. Pp. 382–388.〕 Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines (notably ''The X-Files'') that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real, the motivations for secrecy, and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence. ==Overview== Mainstream scientists reject claims that the phenomenon literally occurs as reported. However, there is little doubt that many apparently stable persons who report alien abductions believe their experiences were real. As reported in the ''Harvard University Gazette'' in 1992, Dr. John E. Mack investigated over 800 claimed abductees and "spent countless therapeutic hours with these individuals only to find that what struck him was the 'ordinariness' of the population, including a restaurant owner, several secretaries, a prison guard, college students, a university administrator, and several homemakers ... 'The majority of abductees do not appear to be deluded, confabulating, lying, self-dramatizing, or suffering from a clear mental illness,' he maintained."〔(Lord, Deane W. "John Mack on Abductions" (''Harvard University Gazette'', 1992) URL accessed Jan 23, 2006 )〕 "While psychopathology is indicated in some isolated alien abduction cases," Stuart Appelle et al. confirmed, "assessment by both clinical examination and standardized tests has shown that, as a group, abduction experients are not different from the general population in term of psychopathology prevalence."〔Appelle, S., et al. Alien abduction experiences. In Cardeña, E., Lynn. S. J., & Krippner, S. (Eds.) (2000). ''Varieties of Anomalous Experience''. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. P. 268.〕 Other experts who have argued that abductees' mental health is no better or worse than average include psychologists John Wilson and Rima Laibow, and psychotherapist David Gotlib.〔(Huyghe, Patrick, "The Dark Side" ) URL accessed Jan 23, 2006(1993)〕 Some abduction reports are quite detailed. An entire subculture has developed around the subject, with support groups and a detailed mythos explaining the reasons for abductions: The various aliens (Greys, Reptilians, "Nordics" and so on) are said to have specific roles, origins, and motivations. Abduction claimants do not always attempt to explain the phenomenon, but some take independent research interest in it themselves and explain the lack of greater awareness of alien abduction as the result of either extraterrestrial or governmental interest in cover-up. Mack has cited more mundane reasons for the lack of general awareness concerning the data: "The most intense demand for alternative explanations tends to come from those who are either unfamiliar with the rich complexity of the abduction phenomenon, or from those who are so wedded to a worldview" that they find the phenomenon ''prima facie'' unacceptable.〔Mack, 1995. p. 431〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Alien abduction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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